Catholicism and Orthodoxy were formed back in 1054, when the Catholic Church split in the famous St. Sophia Cathedral and the eastern church separated from the western one.

Still later, in the 16th century, Catholicism split into Catholics and Protestants under the influence of the teachings of Martin Luther.
It is important to remember that all these three denominations constitute Christianity and are in no way its «enemies». “Orthodoxy, but brothers and sisters in Christ.

The Catholics themselves differ in the rite of the liturgy: there are Roman, Byzantine and others. But the distinctive feature of the Catholic Church is the belief in a single Ecumenical Church headed by the Pope.
Fundamentals of Catholicism

The Catholic Church is based on the Symbol of Faith and Christian dogmas:

• Flioque is the dogma that the Holy Spirit comes from both God the Father and God the Son.
• Celibacy is the dogma of celibacy for priests and monks.
• Purgatory is a dogma about a place between hell and heaven where you can atone for your sins.

The dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary and her bodily ascension. (The Orthodox also believe that Mary is in heaven in body and soul, but this is not a dogma of the Orthodox Church. The Orthodox Church does not recognize the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary.)

The Pope is at the head of the entire Catholic Church. The Catholic Church is a single church, all of its representations in different countries are considered part of one church and are subordinate to the Pope.
An important feature of Catholicism is that Catholics do not consider the Pope to be a saint. Only his statements and decisions regarding faith and the church are considered infallible, but he is not considered a saint just because he was elected to this position.

Catholics love and appreciate the Pope, and he responds in kind, setting an example as a true believer. What stories constantly appear in the news about how the Pope washes the feet of prisoners. Or helping refugees.